Background: Transcription factor GATA-3 is a relatively new and specific biomarker for breast carcinoma that regulates luminal cell differentiation. However, further studies that elucidate its role and diagnostic utility in primary breast cancer are required. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess GATA-3 expression in primary breast carcinoma and determine its association with various known prognostic and predictive factors of breast carcinoma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study where 110 breast carcinoma cases were examined histologically on H&E stained slides for routine parameters such as tumor morphological type and histologic grade. ER/PR/Her-2-neu/ki67 and GATA-3 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. All cases were assessed to determine the association of GATA-3 with different established clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer such as patient age, axillary lymph node status, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, molecular subtype, etc. The results were statistically analyzed and P value < 0. 05 was considered to be significant. Results: Overall, 97 cases (88. 1%) expressed GATA-3 which was significantly associated with most of the established clinico-pathological parameters like family history of breast cancer, tumor size and histology grade, lymph node and margin status, presence of lymphovascular invasion and carcinoma in-situ component. GATA-3 expression was also significantly associated with ER/PR/HER2neu/ki67 expression. Conclusion: GATA-3 expression is significantly associated with the different established prognostic parameters of breast cancer. Therefore, it may be considered as a relevant marker in primary breast carcinoma more routinely. Further studies of GATA-3 in breast cancer may refine prognostic models, predict clinical outcomes, and modify treatment guidelines in future.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be the most prevalent form of joint disease. We conducted this clinical trial to investigate the effects of KrocinaTM, a natural product containing crocin, on the gene expression of unique transcription factors of various T cell subsets in patients with OA. We collected 40 peripheral blood samples of OA patients receiving Krocina™,and equal number of those who took a placebo (IRCT2015021910507N2, NCT03375814). RNA extraction was performed from the cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the OA patients who received Krocina™,and placebo and SYBR Green Real-time PCR technique was applied to assess the relative gene expression of T-bet, GATA3, ROR-γ, t, and FOXP3 as the unique transcription factors of various T cell subsets. The relative gene expression of T-bet and ROR-γ, t insignificantly decreased in the Krocina™,receiving group as compared to the placebo group. In addition, the relative gene expressions of GATA-3 and FOXP3 after the treatment with KrocinaTM showed a significant and insignificant increase, respectively. Moreover, an insignificant decrease was observed in the gene expression of GATA-3 and FOXP3 in the placebo group. A significant and insignificant decrease in the gene expression of T-bet and ROR-γ, t was detected in the OA patients who received a placebo. GATA-3 is known as a unique transcription factor for the differentiation of T-cells to the Th2 subset. The significant increase in the gene expression of GATA-3 in the patients with OA treated with crocin may suggest the beneficial effect of crocin on shifting towards the Th2 subset and enhancing an anti-inflammatory condition.